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In-Text
Citation : Giving Credit Where It's Due
In-Text
Citation Rule of Thumb: Give your reader enough information to
point him or her to the correct reference on your Works Cited Page
Naming the Author
Name the author either in the set
up or in the parenthetical reference at the end of the quote.
Biographer Jane Smith believed that
"Jackson's failure to be published after the first manuscript
only made him work harder the second time around" (42).
However, "Jackson's failure to
be published after the first manuscript only made him work harder
the second time around" (Smith 42).
Two or More Authors
If your source has two or three
authors, name them in the set up or include them in the
parenthetical reference. If the source has four or more authors,
include only the first author's name followed by "et
al." (Latin for "and others") in the set up or in
the parenthetical reference.
In an article in the New York
Times, Patterson, Milken and Jones claim that ". . . The
Saturday Evening Post has never been the same since Rockwell's
death" (2).
Some believe that "The Saturday
Evening Post has never been the same since Rockwell's
death" (Patterson, Milken, Jones 2). [OR, if there are more
than three authors: (Patterson, et al. 2)]
The Author is Unknown ( In both text
and on-line sources)
If the author is not given, either
use the complete title in the set-up or use a short form of the
title in the parentheses.
According to "The Sands of
Time," an editorial in The New York Times, there will
be no new attempt ". . . to exhibit the personal letters of
Martha Graham" (14).
However, the personal letters of
Martha Graham will not be exhibited in the near future
("Sands" 14).
[Note: If it were an anonymous
book, the parenthetical reference would be underlined instead of
in quotes: (Sands
14)]
An Indirect Source
When a writer or speaker is quoted in a source written by someone
else, begin the citation with the abbreviation "qtd.
in."
Quote found on a web page:
" Democracy is the art and science of running the circus from
the monkey cage."
H.L. Mencken
Khalid, Haythum Raafat. Book of Famous Quotes. 25 Oct 99.
21 Jan 2000. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/7186/.
Example:
"Democracy," Mencken observed, "is the art and
science of running the circus from the monkey cage (qtd. in Khalid).
Citing a literary work (novel, play
or poem)
Include
information that will enable readers to find the passages in
various editions of the work.
For a novel, put the page number
first and then, if possible, indicate the part or chapter in
which it can be found.
Ultimately, Gene realizes there
is only one thing Phineas would not do well. "You'd make a
mess," he tells his friend, "a terrible mess . . . out
of the war" (182; ch.12).
For a play, list the act and
scene (if available, use line numbers as well). Use Arabic
numerals unless your teacher prefers roman numerals.
Through Hamlet, Shakespeare
reveals his understanding of the purpose of the theater,
"whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold,
as 'twere, the mirror up to nature" (3.2.21-23).
For a poem, cite the stanza (if
there are stanzas) and the line numbers.
Frost assesses his actions by the
moon, but this "luminary clock against the sky / Proclaimed
the time was neither wrong nor right" (4.12-13).
[The "/" signifies the
poet's line division and is required when citing poetry]
In-Text Citation tips prepared by
T. Dyaloff 12/99
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