Addison
Trail Student Information Center - Information Literacy
STUDY
Using Internal Citations
When to Internally Cite Sources?
(See District 88 Style Manual page 17-18)
- When using a direct quote
- When paraphrasing (putting someone else's ideas into your own
words)
Internal Citations are in
addition to your works cited list.
- Allows your reader to know what information came from which
source.
- Gives proper credit to original sources.
- Is evidence of your research.
What does an
Internal Citation look like?
The author's last
name and the page number are given in parenthesis
Example: Even though not many people agree about the problem of
death due to handguns, it is agreed that it is very high.
For instance, during the Vietnam War, the United States
lost 43,000 men in combat. Meanwhile, here in this country
during the same years, 71,804 people were murdered with
guns (Dolan 9).
The complete
source information will be cited in your Works Cited Page.
Writing with
"Direct Quotations"
When you record word for word
what an author has said,
- Internally cite the quote.
- Use quotation marks must appear around the quoted material.
- Record any errors the author has made -- change nothing.
(Using the Latin word sic which means "thus" or "so" immediately
following the quote will show that the error is not yours)
- Introduce quotes in a variety of ways
- By referring to the text the quote came from
- By stating the author's name
- By making a connection to ideas that come before or after
Writing a Paraphrase
Paraphrasing is putting an
author’s ideas into your own words. You might use this technique
to make material more understandable for a particular audience or
to more briefly state a point an author makes.
- Follow author’s organization and emphasis
- Use exact phrases from the author only to capture tone or if
there is no other way to say it.
- Make sure that your material is paraphrased and not quoted. Once
done, be sure to
- Properly cite your sources both internally and in your Works Cited
list.
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